In this study the characteristics and composition of municipal solid waste in kano were estimated and analysed. This report summarizes the results from the solid waste composition study study performed by your facility during the month of july, 2009. Note that while the waste composition study was conducted in 2012. Solid waste in a broader sense is understood as any household, industrial and agricultural materials that have been used up. If these quantities are added, the solid waste production rate reaches 45 kg per capita per day 100 lb. The purpose of the study was to provide current data on the composition of municipal solid waste msw in the metro vancouver region for the following sectors. Compostable organics mainly comprised food waste 21% of total waste, of which 12% of food was considered. Increasing solid waste, lack of segregation from the source, and lack of knowledge and awareness about recycling have only worsened the problem. The availability and quality of data on solid waste generation as well as subsequent treatment also vary significantly from country to country. Food waste can be utilized in ethanol production to a significant extent, but producing other higher alcohols needs extensive. Pdf the aim of this research is to study the solid waste generation at universiti kebangsaan malaysia ukm. Municipal solid waste msw is the abridgment of the waste generated from domestic, commercial, and construction activities by natural persons that is collected and treated by municipalities. Msw is heterogeneous in nature and consists of a number of different materials derived from various types of activities.
Waste preventionreduction media type report description this study estimates the quantity and composition of the commercial, residential, and selfhauled waste streams in california and aggregates this data to estimate the overall composition. Waste composition varies widely across the various sectors of the food supply chain, which makes standardizing a food waste fermentation production process difficult. A sustainable materials management strategy for new york. Pdf municipal solid waste generation, composition, and.
Estimation of chemical composition of a solid waste sample. Pdf composition of solid waste in a university campus and its. Composition of municipal solid waste in denmark edjabou, maklawe essonanawe publication date. Even in the same country it changes from place to place as it depends on number of factors such as social customs, standard of living, geographical location, climate etc.
The project was completed for metro vancouver the client. Solid waste characteristics and composition analysis are major factors which are considered as basis for the design of efficient, cost effective and environmentally compatible waste management system. Chapter 7 solid waste management solid waste refers here to all nonliquid wastes. Pdf disposal of solid wastes is a stinging and widespread problem in both urban and rural areas in many developed and developing. According to the daily dawn dated february 27th,2002, karachi alone produces about some 10,000 metric tones of solid waste daily out of which only 30 40 percent is transported and dumped into open landfills while the rest is either left unattended or is being burnt insitu. Sources, composition, disposal, recycling, and valorization article pdf available in egyptian journal of petroleum 274. Composition and characterization of municipal solid waste. Knowledge of solid waste generation and composition is necessary for accurate decision making in the management strategy of municipal solid waste. The journal for municipal solid waste professionals 2015 novemberdecember 2015 msw management. Chapter 7 solid waste management european commission. Municipal solid waste msw is the stream of garbage collected by sanitation services from homes, businesses, and institutions. Municipal solid waste composition determination supporting the integrated solid waste management system in the island of crete e. Municipal solid waste composition analysis study juba, south sudan 2 1.
Agwu, mnim, mnisp department of business administration, niger delta university, wilberforce island, bayelsa state abstract the paper examined the relationship between individual background sex, age and social class. Solid waste characteristics composition and properties. The washington state department of ecology ecology commissioned cascadia consulting group cascadia to conduct a fourseason municipal solid waste msw characterization study during 20152016. Composition of municipal solid waste need for thermal treatment in the present indian context. Jul 10, 2015 solid waste management final essay final1. The composition and characteristics of municipal solid wastes vary throughout the world. Percent generated waste composition item generated waste lb recycled waste, lb generated waste % by weight food waste 11. The sources of solid waste include residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial activities. Energy information administration eia 2018 waste toenergy municipal solid waste. Request pdf municipal solid waste generation, composition, and management.
Solid waste management case study of ndola, zambia edema. Disposal of solid wastes is a stinging and widespread problem in both urban and rural areas in many developed and developing countries. The study was funded primarily by a grant awarded to the. The waste composition for the waste stream entering this landfill is shown in table ii. The conventional landfill, incineration, composting, and ways of handeling solid wastes are common as mature technologies for waste disposal.
Waste composition an overview sciencedirect topics. In general this does not include excreta, although sometimes nappies and the faeces of young children may be mixed with solid waste. The remaining uncollected solid waste is left on the streets, roadsides and drainages. Plastic recycling is only profitable if 100,000 lbday are collected.
Municipal solid waste composition analysis study juba, south. Figure es1 ten most prevalent materials in the citywide solid waste as disposed percent of total residential solid waste as disposed. Municipal solid waste composition analysis study juba. Municipal solid waste msw collection and disposal is one of the major problems of urban environment in most countries worldwide today. Generation and composition of solid waste in university campus. We can now calculate the generated waste composition % by weight of the sample. Exponential growth of population and urbanization, and the development of social economy, coupled with the improvement of living standard, have resulted.
This test method applies to determination of the mean composition of msw based on the collection and manual sorting of a number of samples of waste over a selected time period covering a minimum of one week. Solid waste generation and composition analysis is a critical first step towards developing successful and effective planning of waste management service and strategies across university campus. Classification of solid waste, sources, composition. Population increase, commercial activities and industrialization of major cities in the world have caused a rapid change and growth in the volumes and composition of wastes generated. It is also a significant parameter for determining the design procedures of combustion for the recovery of solid wastes.
Oregon solid waste characterization and composition 2002 more than 2,700,000 tons of municipal solid waste were generated in oregon and then disposed in landfills or solid waste burning facilities in 2002. Most of these wastes were disposed in oregon, with only about 19,000 tons being exported to other states for disposal. In municipalities which have a well developed waste recycling system, the waste stream mainly consists of intractable wastes such as plastic film and nonrecyclable packaging materials. It is important to mention that the calorific value of solid waste is highly depending on the mc. Epas guide for industrial waste management introduction welcome to epas guide for industrial waste management. Municipal solid waste generation, composition, and. Background and project rationale the rapid increase in both the volume and variety of solid and hazardous waste as a result of continuous economic growth, urbanization and industrialization, is a growing problem for both national and local governments around the world. Thurston county waste composition study 2008 2009 prepared for thurston county solid waste olympia, washington 3608672491. This report summarizes the results from the solid waste composition study study performed by your facility during the month of december, 2011. Since such waste accumulates in the territories managed by municipalities responsible for its removal and storage, it is termed municipal solid waste.
At the start of the 20th century, the majority of domestic waste. The purpose of the guide is to provide facility managers, state and tribal regulators, and the interested public with recommendations and tools to better address the management of landdisposed, nonhazardous industrial wastes. The intent of this solid waste composition analysis is to identify, quantify and characterize msw material types received for disposal at the larimer county landfill. To introduce the reader to the solid waste management field, an overview of municipal solid waste problems, sources, collection, resource recovery, and disposal methods are presented in this paper. The mean is the arithmetic average of all data, and the standard deviation is a measure of the dispersion in the data. Solid waste in urban areas is generated by domestic sources, street sweeping, hospitals, commercial and industrial activities 4. Municipal solid waste composition determination supporting. Solid waste samples were collected every day except for saturdays and sundays over a threeweek period and were sorted and classified into several weighed compositions such as food waste, plastic, paper, aluminium cans, glass, metal. In this study the characteristics and composition of municipal solid waste. The degree of waste collection is also dependent on the composition of the waste generated 23.
Because of the heterogeneous nature of solid wastes, determination of composition is not easy. The waste composition will effect both the bulk gases and the trace components. Trabold, in sustainable food waste toenergy systems, 2018. Standard test method for determination of the composition. Nevertheless, the mc may reach up to 55%70% depending the on climate conditions, and solid waste composition. Ccmet, is pleased to present the findings of the 2018 waste composition monitoring program the study. Municipal solid waste advisors 2016 waste composition and characterization analysis presented to. Read this article to learn about types, sources, effects and methods of solid waste management. Modern solid waste management plants in most developed countries now emphasize the practice of recycling and waste reduction at the source rather than incineration and land disposal.
The composition of solid waste is determined by culture, improvement in the standard of living, climatic changes and sources of energy. Generation and composition of municipal solid waste msw in. Chemical composition of solid waste the focus of this section is the evaluation of the. The availability and quality of data on solid waste generation as well as subsequent treatment also vary significantly from country to. You will be redirected to the full text document in the repository in a few seconds, if not click here. Table 2 shows that for every 100 lb of collected waste, there are 116. Change in waste composition as an index of economic development as countries develop and become more urbanized, the waste composition undergoes a change the notable feature of which is the increase in the paper, paper packaging, plastics, multi material packing items and consumer products. Characteristics of population standard of living, their cultural habits extent of salvaging and recycling.
Waste is solid substances generated as a result of human activities, and, being no longer of value for the respective economic, physiological or technological process, are removed from it. The world scenario this article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Pdf generation and composition of solid waste in university. Composition of solid waste component wet weight, lbpercent mc food wastes 9 70 paper 34 6 cardboard 6 5 plastics 7 1 textiles 2 10 rubber 0. Sources, composition and characterization of the solid waste municipal solid waste msw is one of the important challenges to the environment. Dec 03, 2014 the waste composition will effect both the bulk gases and the trace components. As long as liumans have been living in settled communities, solid waste, or garbage, has been an issue, and modern societies generate far more solid waste than early humans. Characterization of new york citys solid waste stream. Only a fraction of this solid waste is collected and disposed off at designated sites. Utilization of organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Issues and challenges of solid waste management practices in portharcourt city, nigeria a behavioural perspective dr. Solid waste management is a global issue that is a growing source of concern in developed and. Composition of municipal solid waste need for thermal treatment in the present.
Introduction solid waste is an inevitable product of society. Solid waste can create significant health problems and a very unpleasant living environment if not disposed of safely and. Ntzamilis laboratory of toxic and hazardous waste management, department of environmental engineering, technical university of crete, gr73100 polytechnioupolis chania, crete, greece. The putrescible material generally comprises food wastes materials developed from the preparation and consumption of foods, papers, paperboard, yard trimmings. Eia 2011 renewable energy trends in consumption and electricity 2009. Original research analysis of municipal solid waste. Issues and challenges of solid waste management practices. The putrescible material generally comprises food wastes materials developed from the preparation and consumption of foods, papers, paperboard, yard trimmings and the like. Amounts and composition of municipal solid wastes eolss. Waste samples were acquired to estimate the municipalitys true residential waste composition i.
Pursuant to the mpca letter dated december 12, 2011, the waste fractions have been identified using the specified mpca nomenclature, to the extent practical. Municipal solid waste factsheet center for sustainable. Composition, characteristics and methods of collection. Epa 2015 advancing sustainable materials management. General guidance on the data collection for solid waste disposal, biological. The organic fraction of solid waste generally comprises putrescible and nonputrescible materials. Solid waste management is a polite term for garbage management. The percentage composition of waste combined from all locations was 47% organic, 15% plastic, 11% paper most of them are corrugated, 4% metal, 3% glass and 19% other waste most of them are sand and debris. Solid waste generation rates and composition vary from country to country depending on the economic situation, industrial structure, waste management regulations and life style. Composition and characterization of municipal solid waste study. Municipal nonhazardous solid waste is effectively any solid waste that is not a hazardous solid waste so, it is important to know a little bit about hazardous waste. The physical composition of the municipal solid waste stream will vary from region to region based on a number of factors including, among other things, the waste generation practices of a municipalitys population and businesses, the extent of recovery programs that divert solid. Municipal solid waste generation, composition, and management.